Aims and Scope
The youngest journal of the ESR Journals Family is a fully open access journal, owned by the European Society of Radiology and edited by Editor in Chief, Prof. Francesco Sardanelli (Milan, Italy).
European Radiology Experimental focuses on research from new techniques and experimental settings, that might soon influence clinical radiology. Its goal is to provide a forum open not only to radiologists, nuclear physicians, or radiation therapists but also to other professionals such as physicists, biologists, chemists, bioengineers, and biomathematicians, and many more.
All articles are immediately available upon publication which fosters a wider collaboration and increased citations.
Editor in Chief
Francesco Sardanelli, MD, Research Hospital Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy. Email: editor@er-x.org
Prof. Francesco Sardanelli is Director of the Department of Radiology at the Research Hospital (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato in Milan.
He is a long-time and active member of the European Society of Radiology and served as president of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) from 2012 to 2015. Additionally, he is the Director of the European Network for the Assessment of Imaging in Medicine (EuroAIM) of the European Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Research (EIBIR). He has co-authored more than 500 full articles, 8 books and 57 book chapters on a large spectrum of topics including breast, cardiovascular, neuro, body, musculoskeletal radiology as well as methodological issues. He has been professor of Radiology at the University of Milan from 2006 to 2023, President of the Ethics Committee of the Ospedale San Raffaele/Lombardia 1 from 2022 to 2024.
Honors: Gold Medal 2021 (European Society of Radiology) and Gold Medal 2023 (European Society of Breast Imaging).
Deputy Editor
Akos Varga-Szemes, MD, PhD, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
Advisory Editorial Board
European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology
Luigi Natale, MD, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
Marc Zins, MD, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
European Society for Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging
Katrine Riklund, MD, PhD, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
European Society of Head and Neck Radiology
Steve Connor, MD, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
European Society of Neuroradiology
Luigi Manfré, MD, Institute of Oncology in Mediterranean I.O.M., Catania, Italy
European Society of Oncologic Imaging
Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, MD, PhD, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology
Alberto Bazzocchi, PhD, MD, The “Rizzoli” Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
European Society of Thoracic Imaging
Anna Rita Larici, MD, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
European Society of Urogenital Radiology
Marie-France Bellin, MD, Hôpital Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
European Society of Breast Imaging
Ritse Mann, MD, PhD, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics
Erik Ranschaert, MD, PhD, St. Nikolaus Hospital, Eupen, Belgium
Scientific Editorial Board
Abdomen/gastrointestinal
Section Editor: Anna Colarieti, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
Masamitsu Hatakenaka, MD, PhD, Sapporo Medical University, Department of Diagnostic Radiology Sapporo, Japan
Francesco Rizzetto, MD, University of Milan, Department of Radiology, Milan, Italy
Stephan Skornitzke, PhD, Philips Market Dach GmbH, Clinical Science PD WE, and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cologne, Germany
Jaap Stoker MD, PhD, Amsterdam UMC, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Nikita Sushentsev, MD, PhD (Cantab), University of Cambridge, Department of Radiology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Aïna Venkatasamy, MD, PhD, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre d’imagerie médicale, Strasbourg, France
Artificial intelligence, augmented reality, computer science, and radiomics
Section Editor: Renato Cuocolo, MD, PhD, University of Salerno, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Naples, Italy
Pascal A.T. Baltzer, MD, Medical University Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Treatment, Vienna, Austria
Damiano Caruso, MD, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
Carlo Cavedon, MD, University Hospital of Verona, Medical Physics Unit, Verona, Italy
Marina Codari, MSE, PHD, Tempus AI, San Francisco, United States
Christina Malamateniou, PhD, MA, BSc, University of London Radiography, London, United Kingdom
Emanuele Neri, MD, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Evis Sala, MD, PhD, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy and Haematology, Rome, Italy
Dong-myung Shin, PHD, RadiSen Co. Ltd., AI Engineering Division, Seoul, South Korea
Arnaldo Stanzione, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy
Marly van Assen, PhD, Emory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging, Atlanta, United States
Peter M.A. van Ooijen, MSc, PHD, University Medical Center Groningen, Radiotherapy, Groningen, The Netherlands
Breast
Section Editor: Paola Clauser, MD, PhD, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Alexandra Athanasiou, MD, MSc, Mitera Hospital, Breast Imaging Department, Athens, Greece
Eduardo F.C. Fleury, MD, PhD, Facukdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Department of Radiology, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleur Kilburn-Toppin, MD, MA MB bchir FRCR, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Elisabeth A. Morris, MD, PhD, UC Davies Health, Sacramento, United States
Marco Moschetta, MD, University of Bari, DIM – Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Bari, Italy
Federica Pediconi, MD, Sapienza University of Rome, Dept. of Radiological, Oncological and pathological Sciences, Rome, Italy
Filippo Pesapane, MD, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Breast Imaging Unit, Milan, Italy
Rubina Manuela Trimboli, MD, PhD, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Breast imaging and Screening Unit, Milan, Italy
Cardiovascular
Section Editor: Caterina B. Monti, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Milan, Italy
Maximilian Bauer, MD, Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, United States
Domenico De Santis, MD, Sapienza – University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
Julian Alexander Luetkens, MD, PhD, University Hospital Bonn, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Bonn, Germany
Domenico Mastrodicasa, MD, University of Washington, Department of Radiology, Seattle, United States
Giuseppe Muscogiuri, MD, PhD, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Department of Radiology, Bergamo, Italy
Amir Pourmorteza, PhD, Emory University – Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences – Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, United States
Francesco Secchi, MD, PhD, University of Milan/IRCCS Multimedica, Unit of Radiology, Milan, Italy
Cell/tissue, animal, digital models of human physiopatholgy
Section Editor: Fabian M.A. Kießling, MD, RWTH, Aachen University, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Aachen, Germany
Irmak Durur-Subasi, MD, PhD, EBBI, Istanbul Medipol University, International Faculty of Medicine, Radiology, Istanbul, Türkiye
Egidio Iorio, MSc, PhD, Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Rome, Core Facilities, Rome, Italy
Gabriele A. Krombach, MD, University Hospital Giessen, Department of Radiology and Paediatric Radiology, Giessen, Germany
Anna Palmisano, MD, PhD, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Chest/Torax
Section Editor: Martin Beeres, MD, PhD, Marburg University Hospital, Neuroradiology, Marburg, Germany
Lorenzo Cereser, MD, University of Udine, Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Udine, Italy
Massimo Cressoni, MD, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Department of Radiology, San Donato, Italy
Anna Rita Larici, MD, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart –Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Haematology – Advanced Radiology Center (ARC), Rome, Italy
Mariaelena Occhipinti, MD, PhD, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, S. Cataldo Hospital, Department of Radiology, Pisa, Italy
Computed Tomography
Section Editor: Tilman Emrich, MD, EBCR, FSCMR, University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Radiology, Mainz, Germany
Tommaso D’Angelo, MD, PhD, University of Messina, Department BIOMORF, Messina, Italy
Dirk Graafen, MD, PhD, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Mainz, Germany
Peter B. Noël, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, United States
Salim A. Si-mohamed, MD, PhD, University of Lyon, Imaging Department, Lyon, France
Forensic and paleoradiology
Section Editor: Cristina Cattaneo, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
Patrick E. Eppenberger, MD, PhD, EMBA, University of Zurich, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
Dominic Gascho, MAS ETH MP, University of Zurich, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
Information technology, social media and environmental sustainability
Section Editor: Moreno Zanardo, MSc, PhD, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Gennaro D’Anna, MD, ASST Ovest Milanese, Neuroimaging Unit, Legnano, Italy
Matthias Dietzel, MD, MHBA, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Radiology, Erlangen, Germany
Simone Zanoni, PhD, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Brescia, Italy
Interventional
Section Editor: Roberto L. Cazzato, MD, PhD, Strasbourg University Hospital, Interventional Radiology, Strasbourg, France
Edit Dósa, MD, PhD, Semmelweis University, Interventional Radiology, Budapest, Hungary
Giovanni Mauri, MD, European Insititute of Oncology, IRCCS, Interventional Radiology, Milan, Italy
Lorenzo Monfardini, MD, San Giuseppe Hospital: Ospedale San Giuseppe, Department of Radiology, Milan, Italy
Stavros C. Spiliopoulos, MD, PhD, EBIR-ES, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon”, University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Magnetic resonance
Section Editor: Ferdia A. Gallagher, PhD FRCR FRCP, University of Cambridge, Department of Radiology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Rossella Canese, MSc, PhD, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Core Facilities, Rome, Italy
Fabao Gao, PhD, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan, China
Daiki Tamada, PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, United States
Methodology, statistics, and evidence syntheses
Section Editor: Federico Ambrogi, MSc, PhD, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Andrea Cozzi, MD, PhD, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Lugano, Switzerland
Aydin Demircioğlu, MD, PhD, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen, Germany
Giovanni Di Leo, MSc, Research Hospital (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Molecular, nuclear and hybrid imaging
Section Editor: Thomas H. Helbich, MD, MSc, MBA, Medical University Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna, Austria
Paola Anna Erba, MD, PhD, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, and ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans, MD, PhD, University Medical Center Groningen, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
Konstantin Nikolaou, MD, University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Radiology, Tübingen, Germany
Simone Schiaffino, PD Dr Med, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Department of Radiology, Lugano, Switzerland
Riemer H.J.A. Slart, MD, PhD, Groningen University Medical Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
Musculoskeletal
Section Editor: Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez, MD, Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland District Health Board, Department of Radiology, and University of Auckland – Waipapa Taumata Rau, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand; and IMSKE, Department of Radiology, Valencia, Spain
Hasan Banitalebi, MD, Akershus University Hospital, Diagnostic Imaging, Lørenskog, Norway
Christian Booz, MD, PhD, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Frankfurt, Germany
Fabio Galbusera, MSE, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
Salvatore Gitto, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
Giuseppe Guglielmi, MD, University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia, Italy
Luca M. Sconfienza, MD, PhD, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Francesca Serpi, MD, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Žiga Snoj, MD, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Radiology Dept., Ljubljana, Slovenia
Fabio M. Ulivieri, MD, Casa di Cura la Madonnina, Bone Metabolic Unit, Milan, Italy
Neuro and head/neck
Section Editor: Luca Roccatagliata, MD, PhD, University of Genoa, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Genova, Italy
Antonella Castellano, MD, PhD, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Hospital Neuroradiology, Milan, Italy
Damien P. Galanaud, MD, PhD, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital & Sorbonne Université, Department of Neuroradiology, Paris, France
Pasquina Marzola, MSc, PhD, University of Verona, Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Verona, Italy
Giuseppe Pontillo, MD, PhD, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Claudia Testa, MSc, PhD, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Lorenzo Ugga, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples, Italy
Behroze A. Vachha, MD, PhD, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, United States
Paolo Vitali, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
Phantom studies, radioprotection, and physics in radiology
Section Editor: Gisella Gennaro, MSc, IRCCS Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), Imaging and Radiation Therapy/Breast Radiology, Padua, Italy
Patrizia Cornacchione, MSc, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Rome, Italy
Nicolas Foray, MD, PhD, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
Daniela Origgi, MSc, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Angelo Taibi, MSc, PhD, University of Ferrara, Dept. of Physics and Earth Sciences, Ferrara, Italy
Radiography
Section Editor: Daniela Pfeiffer, MD, Technical University of Munich, Department of Radiology, Munich, Germany
Gianmarco Della Pepa, MD, Fondazione IRRCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Breast Imaging, Milan, Italy
Shane J. Foley, PhD, PgDip (Medical Science), PgDip (Teaching), BSc, University College Dublin, Department of Radiography & Diagnostic Imaging, Dublin, Ireland
Ultrasound
Section Editor: Maija Radzina, MD, PhD, Riga Stradins University / University of Latvia, Department of Radiology, Riga, Latvia
Marco Di Serafino, MD, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General and Emergency Radiology, Naples, Italy
Urogenital and fetal
Section Editor: Stefania MR Rizzo, MD, PhD, University of Southern Switzerland (USI), Clinic of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
Elena Bertelli, MD, PhD, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Florence, Italy
Valentina Chiappa, MD, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Gynecologic Oncology, Milan, Italy
Rossano Girometti, MD, University of Udine, Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Udine, Italy
András Jakab, MD, PhD, University Children’s Hospital Zurich / University of Zurich, Center for MR-Research, Zurich, Switzerland
Gigin Lin, MD, PhD, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Medical Imaging and Intervention, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei
Lucia Manganaro, MD, Sapienza University of Rome, Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Rome, Italy